$2 million at $100,000 a year, year by year
Starting at 65, the money runs out at age 94. The withdrawal grows 2% a year, so by year 20 it is $145,681; the balance earns 5% on what is left after each withdrawal.
| Year | Age | Balance at start | Withdrawal | Balance at end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 65 | $2,000,000 | $100,000 | $1,995,000 |
| 2 | 66 | $1,995,000 | $102,000 | $1,987,650 |
| 3 | 67 | $1,987,650 | $104,040 | $1,977,791 |
| 4 | 68 | $1,977,791 | $106,121 | $1,965,253 |
| 5 | 69 | $1,965,253 | $108,243 | $1,949,860 |
| 6 | 70 | $1,949,860 | $110,408 | $1,931,425 |
| 7 | 71 | $1,931,425 | $112,616 | $1,909,749 |
| 8 | 72 | $1,909,749 | $114,869 | $1,884,625 |
| 9 | 73 | $1,884,625 | $117,166 | $1,855,832 |
| 10 | 74 | $1,855,832 | $119,509 | $1,823,139 |
| 11 | 75 | $1,823,139 | $121,899 | $1,786,301 |
| 12 | 76 | $1,786,301 | $124,337 | $1,745,062 |
| 13 | 77 | $1,745,062 | $126,824 | $1,699,149 |
| 14 | 78 | $1,699,149 | $129,361 | $1,648,278 |
| 15 | 79 | $1,648,278 | $131,948 | $1,592,147 |
| 16 | 80 | $1,592,147 | $134,587 | $1,530,438 |
| 17 | 81 | $1,530,438 | $137,279 | $1,462,817 |
| 18 | 82 | $1,462,817 | $140,024 | $1,388,933 |
| 19 | 83 | $1,388,933 | $142,825 | $1,308,414 |
| 20 | 84 | $1,308,414 | $145,681 | $1,220,869 |
| 21 | 85 | $1,220,869 | $148,595 | $1,125,888 |
| 22 | 86 | $1,125,888 | $151,567 | $1,023,038 |
| 23 | 87 | $1,023,038 | $154,598 | $911,862 |
| 24 | 88 | $911,862 | $157,690 | $791,880 |
| 25 | 89 | $791,880 | $160,844 | $662,589 |
| 26 | 90 | $662,589 | $164,061 | $523,454 |
| 27 | 91 | $523,454 | $167,342 | $373,918 |
| 28 | 92 | $373,918 | $170,689 | $213,391 |
| 29 | 93 | $213,391 | $174,102 | $41,253 |
| 30 | 94 | $41,253 | $41,253 | $0 |
The odds $2 million lasts at $100,000 a year
Returns arrive in a random order, and a few bad years early do the most damage. In 1,000 simulated markets, this is the share in which $100,000 a year, rising with inflation, still leaves money in the account after each number of years.
| For | Trinity-style (7%, 12%) | Cautious (5%, 15%) |
|---|---|---|
| 20 years | 85% | 67% |
| 25 years | 65% | 45% |
| 30 years | 49% | 33% |
| 35 years | 39% | 24% |
| 40 years | 31% | 18% |
What other returns and inflation do
| Return | No raise | 2% raise | 3% raise |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3% | 30 years | 23 years | 20 years |
| 4% | 38 years | 26 years | 23 years |
| 5% | 60+ years | 30 years | 25 years |
| 6% | 60+ years | 37 years | 30 years |
| 7% | 60+ years | 57 years | 37 years |
With Social Security covering part of it
If Social Security pays part of the $100,000 from some point, the portfolio only pays the rest. Retiring at 65 and claiming at 67 means two years before benefits start; retiring at 62, five.
| Benefit a month | Retire at 62 | Retire at 65 | Retire at 67 |
|---|---|---|---|
| $1,500 | 38 years | 40 years | 42 years |
| $2,000 | 43 years | 46 years | 49 years |
| $2,500 | 50 years | 55 years | 59 years |
Tax on a $100,000 withdrawal
From a traditional 401(k) or IRA, the whole withdrawal is ordinary income, and it can make more of your Social Security taxable. Federal tax it adds at 65 on 2026 rules, estimates:
| Household | Federal tax | Share of the withdrawal |
|---|---|---|
| Single, $24,000 of Social Security | $16,486 | 16% |
| Married, $42,000 of Social Security | $10,088 | 10% |
Roth withdrawals after 59½ and a five-year holding period are tax-free; money in a taxable account is taxed only on the gains. The retirement tax calculator adds state tax.
The calculator, set to these numbers
Taking $100,000 a year ($8,333 a month) from $2,000,000, raised 2.0% a year for inflation, at a steady 5.0% return, the money runs out in year 30, around age 94. To make it last exactly 30 years, you could start at $98,371 a year.
Other withdrawals from $2 million
| Withdrawal a year | A month | Lasts |
|---|---|---|
| $60,000 | $5,000 | 60+ years |
| $70,000 | $5,833 | 59 years |
| $80,000 | $6,667 | 44 years |
| $100,000 | $8,333 | 30 years |
| $120,000 | $10,000 | 23 years |
| $150,000 | $12,500 | 17 years |
| $200,000 | $16,667 | 12 years |
All withdrawals and the odds on one page: how long $2 million lasts. The same $100,000 a year from $1 million, $1.25 million, $1.5 million, $1.75 million, $2.5 million or $3 million.
How it is worked out
The steady-return figures are the how-long calculator’s own math: the withdrawal comes out at the start of each year, the rest earns the return, and the next withdrawal is 2% larger to keep up with inflation. Real markets do not return the same every year, so the odds come from 1,000 simulated sequences of yearly returns: Trinity-style (7% average, 12% volatility, 3% inflation) and cautious (5%, 15%, 2%). Taxes and fees are not taken out; take them from the withdrawal you enter. More on the method on the methodology page.